Vocabulary
tanungín
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to ask someone (DF(D), root = tanong)
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tawagin
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to be called something; to call out to someone (DF(D), root = tawag)
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biruin
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to kid/tease someone (DF(D), root = biro)
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sagutín
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to answer something (DF(D), root = sagot)
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sundín
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to obey someone/something; follow instructions (DF(D), root = sunod)
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Grammar
This lesson covers DF -in verbs.
Traits of DF -in verbs
They express a DF action with no additional nuances.
They can be DF(D) or DF(DO), but DF(DO) are not very common so we will not cover them.
Standard Sentence
These are DF(D) verbs, so as a reminder:
Form Pattern
Form
actor
object
X
AF
ang
ng
sa
OF
ng
ang
sa
Other
ng
ng
ang
Table 3: The Three Form
Patterns for Standard Sentences
Ex: Tinanong ni Maria si Joshua, di ba?
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= Maria asked Joshua, didn’t she?
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Ex: Tawagin mo ang mga anak natin.
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= Call out to our (incl.) children.
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Ex: Binibiro lang kita.
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= I am just kidding you.
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You might notice that -in DF verbs form sentences that look and feel like OF verb sentences. Furthermore, the verbs themselves do not seem to have much of a direction or movement nuance to them. So why are they classified as DF instead of OF? It is because the AF verbs that they correspond to are AF(D), or in the words we used in the mag- verb lessons, they take sa. It is just a technicality really – if it helps you to think of these as OF, there is probably nothing wrong with that.
Sample sentences
Q1
Let's ask Diego's wife.
Tanungin natin ang asawa ni Diego.
Q2
The one who will be called on the 2nd of June is from Cebu.
Taga-Cebu ang tatawagin sa ikalawa ng Hunyo.
Q3
Is the restroom over there? Are you kidding me?
Nandun ba ang CR? Binibiro mo ba ako?
Q4
Where will she answer the questions?
Saan niya sasagutin ang mga tanong?
Q5
(you pl.) Obey the teacher every day. (resp.)
Sundin po ninyo ang guro araw-araw.
Q6
I did not ask you, did I?
Hindi kita tinanong, no?
Q7
I like the fast white dogs they are calling.
Gusto ko ang mga mabibilis na puting asong tinatawag nila.
Q8
Yeah, for sure! He will only kid you about your house's cheap door.
Oo naman! Bibiruin ka lang niya tungkol sa murang pinto ng bahay mo.
Q9
It is good to answer the questions in school.
Magandang sagutin sa eskwelahan ang mga tanong.
Q10
It obeyed Joaquin for one and a half days.
Sinunod nito si Joaquin nang isa't kalahating araw.
Drills - Lesson 32