Nouns and pronouns are always in either the ang, ng or sa form. The lessons often call out the form to use for a given grammar point, so I have listed them all here for your convenience. They are presented in a way that facilitates memorization. There is a suggested way to memorize vocabulary described in How to Use this Book. There are many, so it may be difficult to memorize these all in a single pass. Instead, it is recommended that the first time you encounter a group of these in a lesson, you come here and memorize that specific group. For example, the first time you encounter ang form noun markers in the lessons, you should come here and memorize all four of them. The first time you encounter ang form personal pronouns in the lessons, you should come here and memorize all eight of them, etc. In that way, you will have them memorized and immediately put them to use, which makes you less likely to forget. They will be reinforced often in later lessons, so do not be concerned if they do not stick well at first. And any time you are in doubt, revisit this appendix and review them again.
Ang Form
Ang form Noun Markers
ang
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noun marker
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ang mga
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plural noun marker
Show
si
Show
name marker (includes family member nouns)
Show
siná
Show
plural name marker
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Note: Noun markers for Family Members are the same as for Names
Direct family member nouns, like nanay, are marked by the same noun markers that mark names. So for ang form noun markers, it is si nanay and sina nanay at Maria. For ng form it is ni nanay and nina nanay at Maria. For sa form it is kay nanay and kina nanay at Maria. On the other hand, family members by marriage, such as asawa, are marked like common nouns. So for ang form noun markers, it is ang asawa, etc.
Ang form Personal Pronouns
akó
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I
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tayo
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we (inclusive – me, the listener and possibly others)
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kamí
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we (exclusive – me and others but not the listener)
Show
ka
Show
you
Show
ikáw
Show
you (singular at start of phrase)
Show
kayó
Show
you (plural/singular respectful)
Show
siyá
Show
he/she
Show
silá
Show
they
Show
Ang form Demonstrative Pronouns
itó
Show
this
Show
yun
Show
that
Show
ang mga itó
Show
these
Show
ang mga yun
Show
those
Show
*iyán
Show
that (near listener)
Show
*iyón
Show
that (far from speaker and listener)
Show
*ang mga iyán
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those (near listener)
Show
*ang mga iyón
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those (far from speaker and listener)
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*less common in colloquial speech
Yun instead of Iyan and Iyon
The lessons will use yun instead of iyan and iyon, because it is more common in colloquial speech. The same goes for non vs niyan and niyon, and dun vs diyan and doon.
Ang vs Yung
You will sometimes hear yung in colloquial speech where you expect to hear ang. We recommend you be aware of this, but continue to use ang as shown in the lessons.
Ex: Who is the teacher? = Sino ang guro? (expected) or Sino yung guro? (you will sometimes hear)
Personal Pronouns vs Demonstrative Pronouns
You will sometimes hear personal pronouns in colloquial speech where you expect to hear demonstrative pronouns, and vice versa. We recommend you be aware of this, but continue to use them as shown in the lessons.
Ex: It is expensive. = Mahal ito. (expected) or Mahal siya. (you will sometimes hear)
Ex: Is she beautiful? = Maganda ba siya? (expected) or Maganda ba yun? (you will sometimes hear)
Ng Form
Ng form Noun Markers
ng
Show
noun marker
Show
ng mga
Show
plural noun marker
Show
ni
Show
name marker (includes family member nouns)
Show
niná
Show
plural name marker
Show
Ng form Personal Pronouns
ko
Show
I
Show
natin
Show
we (inclusive – me, the listener and possibly others)
Show
namin
Show
we (exclusive – me and others but not the listener)
Show
mo
Show
you
Show
ninyó
Show
you (plural/singular respectful)
Show
niyá
Show
he/she
Show
nilá
Show
they
Show
Ng form Demonstrative Pronouns
nitó
Show
this
Show
non
Show
that
Show
ng mga itó
Show
these
Show
ng mga yun
Show
those
Show
*niyán
Show
that (near listener)
Show
*niyón
Show
that (far from speaker and listener)
Show
*ng mga iyán
Show
those (near listener)
Show
*ng mga iyón
Show
those (far from speaker and listener)
Show
*less common in colloquial speech
Sa Form
Sa form Noun Markers
sa
Show
noun marker
Show
sa mga
Show
plural noun marker
Show
kay
Show
name marker (includes family member nouns)
Show
kiná
Show
plural name marker
Show
Sa form Personal Pronouns
sa akin
Show
I
Show
sa atin
Show
we (inclusive – me, the listener and possibly others)
Show
sa amin
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we (exclusive – me and others but not the listener)
Show
sa iyó
Show
you
Show
sa inyó
Show
you (plural or singular respectful)
Show
sa kaniyá
Show
he/she
Show
sa kanilá
Show
they
Show
Sa form Demonstrative Pronouns
dito/rito
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this; here
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dun
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that; there
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sa mga itó
Show
these
Show
sa mga yun
Show
those
Show
*diyán/riyán
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that; there (near listener)
Show
*doón/roón
Show
that; there (far from speaker and listener)
Show
*sa mga iyán
Show
those (near listener)
Show
*sa mga iyón
Show
those (far from speaker and listener)
Show
Kita
Kita is a compound personal pronoun. It is used when you would expect ko (ng form of I) and ka (ang form of you) to be next to each other in a sentence. There is no ko ka or ka ko in Tagalog.
kitá
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I (verb) you; I to you; you to me
Show
Ex: Gusto kita. = I like you.