Vocabulary
lechón
Show
roasted pig
Show
manggá
Show
mango
Show
pangalan
Show
name
Show
kuwarto
Show
room
Show
Grammar
In this lesson, you will learn how to say “who is verbing”, be introduced to using verbs as nouns, and learn a bit more about enclitic particles.
Sino Ang Verb
You have learned to use sino with nouns in questions like this:
Ex: Sino ang guro?
Show
= Who is the teacher?
Show
Ex: Sino ang lalaki?
Show
= Who is the man?
Show
Ex: Sino ang pangulo?
Show
= Who is the president?
Show
The structure is:
Sino + ang + noun? (Tag) = Who is noun? (Eng)
This also works for verbs.
Sino + ang + verb? (Tag) = Who is the one that verb? (Eng)
Ex1: Sino ang nagbigay?
Show
= Who is the one that gave?
Show
Ex2: Sino ang kumakain?
Show
= Who is the one eating?
Show
Ex3: Sino ang aabangan?
Show
= Who is the one that will be watched out for?
Show
Sino indicates we are asking about a person, and when you use a verb this way the meaning represents its focus, so only verbs that allow a person to be its focus will work. All mag- and -um- verbs work, but only some -an verbs.
As mentioned in a previous lesson, noun phrases can normally be used anywhere a noun is used:
Ex: Sino ang guro?
Show
= Who is the teacher?
Show
We can replace guro with mga magagandang gurong yun:
Ex: Sino ang mga magagandang gurong yun?
Show
= Who are those pretty teachers?
Show
This works for noun clauses too. A clause is a phrase that has a verb, so a noun clause is a phrase that has a verb that acts as, and can be substituted for, a noun. In this book, let’s define:
Noun Clause = Standard Sentence with the Focus removed.
Sino + ang + Noun Clause? (Tag.) = Who is sentence? (Eng.)
Note: The host sino is for enclitic particles only. If there are pps in the noun clause, the verb is their host.
Q1: Sino po ang nagbigay ng mangga sa bata?
Show
= Who is the one that gave a mango to the kid? = Who gave the kid a mango? (resp.) Notice how enclitic particle po follows sino.
Show
Q2: Sino ang kumakain ng lechon ngayon?
Show
= Who is the one eating roasted pig now? = Who is eating roasted pig now?
Show
Q3: Sino ang aabangan mo sa kuwarto mo?
Show
= Who is the one that you will watch out for in your room? = Who will you watch out for in your room? Notice how pp mo follows the verb.
Show
Compare with Ex1-3 above. Noun clauses are underlined. They are answered:
Focus + ang + Noun Clause. (Tag.) = Focus is sentence. (Eng.)
Note: The focus takes ang form and is the host for enclitic particles only. If there are pps in the noun clause, the verb is their host.
A1: Si Luis po ang nagbigay ng mangga sa bata.
Show
= Luis is the one who gave the kid a mango. (resp.) Notice that po goes after Si Luis. Or you can shorten your answer:
Show
A2: Si Maria.
Show
= Maria. It is sometimes possible to answer these with a standard sentence:
Show
A3: Aabangan ko si Joe sa kuwarto ko.
Show
= I will watch out for Joe in my room. But it is not recommended to get in the habit of answering sino ang questions like this because it does not work for focus sensitive particles:
Show
Q: Sino rin ang kumakain ng lechon?
Show
= Who is also eating roasted pig? If I try this:
Show
Ex: Kumakain din si Maria ng lechon.
Show
= Maria is also eating roasted pig. Per Appendix J, din is focus sensitive, so this sentence cannot mean “Maria, in addition to others, is eating roasted pig”, so it is not a valid answer. You need to put the focus up front:
Show
A: Si Maria rin ang kumakain ng lechon.
Show
= Maria is the one eating lechon. In this book we will always answer ang questions in this way.
Show
Introduction to using Verbs as Nouns
There is a lot of overlap between verbs and nouns in Tagalog. As you have seen with sino ang phrases, verbs can sometimes be used as nouns. It is possible to use them in other structures, and with other noun markers (not just ang):
Ex: Ito ba ang pangalan ng nag-alala?
Show
= Is this the name of the one who worried?
Show
Ex: Subukan mo ito para sa tataniman ng puno.
Show
= Try this for the place a tree will be planted.
Show
Ex: Gusto ko ang mga tinitingnan natin araw-araw.
Show
= I like the ones we look at every day.
Show
As stated previously, when you use a verb this way the meaning represents its focus.
Ex: para sa tataniman ng puno
Show
= for the place a tree will be planted (DF), but:
Show
Ex: para sa magtatanim ng puno
Show
= for the one who will plant a tree (AF).
Show
This is not all – there will be more on using verbs as nouns in the next lesson.
Sample sentences
Q1
Who still eats roasted pork in November?
Sino pa ang kumakain ng lechon sa Nobyembre?
Q2
Joshua hates the ones who get mangoes over there.
Ayaw ni Joshua sa mga kumukuha ng mangga dun.
Q3
Who also said a name?
Sino rin ang nagsabi ng pangalan?
Q4
The one who climbs is just looking at my tree.
Tinitingnan lang ng umaakyat ang puno ko.
Q5
Who will you go to see in her room?
Sino ang pupuntahan mo sa kuwarto niya?
Q6
In contrast, Angel made roasted pig for those riding a bus.
Gumawa naman si Angel ng lechon para sa sumasakay ng bus.
Q7
Who will buy mangoes for us (excl.)?
Sino ang bibili ng mangga para sa amin?
Q8
I am not the one who he told a name to.
Hindi ako ang sinabihan niya ng pangalan.
Q9
Who left Jessica's room?
Sino ang umalis sa kuwarto ni Jessica?
Q10
This is what we (incl.) allowed for 10 seconds.
Ito ang hinayaan natin nang sampung segundo.
Drills - Lesson 25