Vocabulary
sabihin
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to say something (OF(O), root = sabi)
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hanapin
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to seek something (OF(O), root = hanap)
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kainin
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to eat something (OF(O), root = kain)
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lutuin
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to cook something (OF(O), root = luto)
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inumín
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to drink something (OF(O), root = inom)
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*tanungín
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to ask someone (DF(D), root = tanong)
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*sundín
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to obey/follow someone/something (DF(D), root = sunod)
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*These verbs are DF, and are covered in the next lesson. They are in this lesson for demonstration only.
Grammar
-In verbs, another of the big six, are perhaps the second most common of all verb types in colloquial speech. They are usually OF or DF. There are few AF -in verbs, and they are not very high frequency so we will not cover them. Other than discussing formation and aspect, which apply to all -in verbs, this lesson will cover OF -in verbs. The next lesson will cover DF -in verbs.
Traits of OF -in verbs
No special nuances; they just perform an OF action.
They can be OF(O) or OF(D), but OF(D) are not very common so we will not cover them.
Infinitive
All -in verbs end with -in. For the same reasons given with -an verbs, I recommend memorizing the infinitive and generic root. These are sufficient to derive all the aspects.
Similar to -an verbs, to form an -in verb, we sometimes put -in after the root if it ends in a consonant, and -hin after the root if it ends in a vowel. But there are many exceptions, and each type of exception has a rule, so it is better just to memorize the infinitive and the root. That is why we always tell you the root when we introduce an -in verb.
Ex: sabi => sabihin (ends in a vowel)
Ex: hanap => hanapin (ends in a consonant)
Ex: kain => kainin (ends in a consonant)
Ex: luto => lutuin (exception – the o morps into a u)
Ex: inom => inumín (exception – the o morps into a u)
Completed Aspect
Add in before the first vowel of the root (see below for stress patterns).
Ex: sabi
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=> sinabi
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Ex: inom
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=> ininóm
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Exception – Similar to -an verbs, if the root begins with l, r, w or y, it is more common to put ni in front of the root:
Ex: luto
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=> nilutò
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Uncompleted Aspect
From the root, repeat the first syllable then insert in before the first vowel (see below for stress patterns).
Ex: sabi
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=> sinasabi
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Ex: inom
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=> iníinóm
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Ex: luto
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=> nilulutò
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Contemplated Aspect
Add the first syllable of the infinitive to the infinitive.
Ex: sa + sabihin
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=> sasabihin
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Ex: i + inumín
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=> íinumín
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Ex: lu + lutuin
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=> lulutuin
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Stress Patterns in Infinitive and Aspects
You may have noticed the stress patterns for these are different from what you have seen so far. -In verbs are the only verbs of the big six that do not use the stress pattern rules described for mag- verbs. For infinitives, there are no rules; you just have to memorize them.
If the infinitive has stress on the second to last vowel, all aspects have stress on the second to last vowel only.
sabihin:
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sinabi, sinasabi, sasabihin
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hanapin:
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hinanap, hinahanap, hahanapin
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kainin:
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kinain, kinakain, kakainin
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If the infinitive has stress on the last vowel, all aspects have stress on the last vowel, and the uncompleted and contemplated aspects also have stress on the vowel before the root.
inumín:
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ininóm, iníinóm, íinumín
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tanungín:
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tinanóng, tinátanóng, tátanungín
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sundín:
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sinunód, sinúsunód, súsundín
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Standard Sentence
These are OF(O) verbs, so as a reminder:
Form Pattern
Form
actor
object
X
AF
ang
ng
sa
OF
ng
ang
sa
Other
ng
ng
ang
Table 3: The Three Form
Patterns for Standard Sentences
Ex: Sinabi niya sa akin ang totoo.
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= She told me the truth.
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Ex: Lutuin nga po ninyo ang manok.
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= Cook the chicken. (soft)(resp.)
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Ex: Iniinom ko ang mainit na tubig.
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= I am drinking the hot water.
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Sample sentences
Q1
Tell your wife the dog's name on Sunday.
Sabihin mo sa asawa mo ang pangalan ng aso sa Linggo.
Q2
Where were the teachers from that Joe was looking for?
Tagasaan ang mga gurong hinanap ni Joe?
Q3
We (incl.) are not eating the roasted pig now, are we?
Hindi natin kinakain ang lechon ngayon, no?
Q4
How much are the chickens that Jasmine and Luis will cook?
Magkano ang mga manok na lulutuin nina Jasmine at Luis?
Q5
It is satisfying to drink the water there.
Masarap inumin ang tubig dun.
Q6
By contrast, what did he say to her at 12 o'clock?
Ano naman ang sinabi niya sa kaniya nung alas-dose?
Q7
How many rooms is Maria looking for here?
Ilang kuwarto ang hinahanap ni Maria dito?
Q8
Where are the mangoes that we (incl.) will eat tomorrow?
Nasaan ang mga manggang kakainin natin bukas?
Q9
Let's cook the adobo for our (incl.) children in the afternoon.
Lutuin natin ang adobo para sa mga anak natin sa hapon.
Q10
The glass of water she drank was in the restroom.
Nasa CR ang baso ng tubig na ininom niya.
Drills - Lesson 31