Vocabulary
*gustó
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want, like
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*ayaw
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do not want/like
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kailangan
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need
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*ibig
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want, like
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**nais
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want, like
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**kaya
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can
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*You are already familiar with gusto and ayaw; they are listed here for completeness. Ibig is here for reference only, but you will see it later in a different function.
**These words are for reference only, and will not appear in the sample sentences.
Grammar
We had previous lessons on how to like/dislike nouns. In this lesson we learn how to like/dislike verbs, plus a lot more. Gusto and ayaw are called “pseudo-verbs”, which are special adjectives that resemble verbs in a “verb followed by infinitive” structure. There are a few “real” verbs that serve a similar purpose, and we will cover one in a future lesson, but they are less common. There are two groups of pseudo-verbs. This lesson covers ng pseudo verbs, and the next lesson covers plain pseudo-verbs.
About ng pseudo-verbs: although I listed six above, we are not going to use ibig or nais because they are not as common as gusto. And we are not going to use kaya because it has overlapping meanings with the plain pseudo-verb puwede. Formally, kaya is more about ability and puwede is more about permission, but colloquially this distinction is often lost. Also, it is easy for a beginner to confuse kaya for a conjunction that you will learn in a future lesson. That leaves us with gusto, ayaw and kailangan.
Ng Pseudo-Verbs with Non-AF Standard Sentences (SS)
Non-AF Ng Pseudo verb Sentence = Ng pseudo-verb (+ linker) + Non-AF SS.
Notes: The verb takes infinitive. The linker goes before the verb. Use the linker if it is -ng type, but omit it if it is na.
Similar to what you saw with the adj + infinitive structure, although the linker is optional here, native speakers will normally use it if can be a -ng type modification, but omit it where it would be na, so that is what we do in this book.
To form these, take all the enclitics out of the non-AF standard sentence and put them after the pseudo-verb, then change the verb to infinitive.
Ex: Kailangan lang niyang lutuin ang adobo.
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= She only needs to cook the adobo.
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Ex: Gusto pong makita ni Maria ang bisikleta ninyo.
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= Maria wants to see your bicycle. (resp.)
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Ex: Ayaw kitang bigyan ng pera.
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= I do not like to give you money.
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Ng Pseudo-verbs with AF Standard Sentences
AF Ng Pseudo-verb Sentence = Ng pseudo-verb + actor (+ linker) + AF SS without actor.
Notes: Actor takes ng form, verb takes infinitive. The linker goes before the verb. Use the linker if it is -ng type, but omit it if it is na.
Form these the same way as non-AF, except put the actor just before the linker, and change it to ng form. That is why these are called ng form pseudo-verbs; even AF actors need to be changed to ng form. Notice that, unlike non-AF, actors that are not pps are still moved in before the verb:
Ex: Gusto rin ni Mariang matulog sa kuwarto niya.
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= Maria also wants to sleep in her room.
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Ex: Kailangan kong gumawa ng halo-halo.
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= I need to make halo-halo.
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Ex: Ayaw ni Joshuang magbigay ng piso.
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= Joshua does not want to give a peso.
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Optionally, you can leave the actor in the standard sentence, but it must still take ng form:
Ex: Gusto ring matulog ni Maria sa kuwarto niya.
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= Maria also wants to sleep in her room.
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This is less common, so we will not do it anymore in this book.
Negating all Pseudo-Verb Sentences
Ayaw is used to negate gusto. Negate all other pseudo-verb sentences with hindi, and do not forget to put the enclitics after hindi. Remember that the linker always goes before the verb.
Ex: Hindi lang niya kailangang lutuin ang adobo.
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= She does not only need to cook the adobo.
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Ex: Ayaw pong makita ni Maria ang bisikleta ninyo.
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= Maria does not want to see your bicycle. (resp.)
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Ex: Hindi ko kailangang gumawa ng halo-halo.
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= I do not need to make halo-halo.
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Remember that for AF ng pseudo verb sentences, non-pp actors stay before the verb; they do not go right after hindi like the enclitics.
Ex: Hindi po niya kailangang magluto.
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= She does not need to cook. (resp.) But:
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Ex: Hindi po kailangan ni nanay na magluto.
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= Mother does not need to cook. (resp.)
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Sample sentences
Q1
In contrast, she would still like to grow up in Cebu.
Gusto pa naman niyang lumaki sa Cebu.
Q2
Jessica does not like to eat halo-halo out of the glass.
Ayaw kainan ni Jessica ng halo-halo ang baso.
Q3
David needs to go underneath the building.
Kailangan ni David pumunta sa ilalim ng gusali.
Q4
The poor man wants to tell them a date while he is there.
Gusto silang sabihan ng petsa ng mahirap na lalaki kapag nandun siya.
Q5
They do not want to ride a bus to school either (also).
Ayaw din nilang sumakay ng bus papunta sa eskwelahan.
Q6
You (pl.) do not need to plant these in the restroom.
Hindi ninyo kailangang taniman ng mga ito ang CR.
Q7
Does Analyn want to die beside your door?
Gusto ba ni Analyng mamatay sa tabi ng pinto mo?
Q8
I do not want to look for Jasmine’s dog outside.
Ayaw kong hanapin ang aso ni Jasmine sa labas.
Q9
We (incl.) do not need to win money inside the room.
Hindi natin kailangang manalo ng pera sa loob ng kuwarto.
Q10
The student wants to drink this here, above the house.
Gustong inumin ng estudyante ito dito, sa ibabaw ng bahay.
Drills - Lesson 39