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English

Tagalog Lite Lesson 5 – Ma- Adjectives

Vocabulary
masaráp
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delicious; satisfying
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magandá
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beautiful (people); good (things)
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marami
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many; much
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masayá
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happy
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mainit
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hot
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Grammar
You have already seen unaffixed adjectives. This lesson covers ma- adjectives, which are by far the most common of the affixed adjectives. We will also start using the ang form personal pronouns, so please go to Appendix A and memorize them all (except for ikaw – we will use that later) before attempting this lesson.
To form ma- adjectives, just add the affix ma- to the root.
Ex: ma + sarap (tastiness) = masarap (delicious; satisfying)
Ex: ma + ganda (beauty) = maganda (beautiful; good)
Ex: ma + saya (happiness) = masaya (happy)
Usage is the same as unaffixed adjectives, except for plural modified nouns.
Plural Modified Nouns
There are three ways to make ma adjective modified nouns plural. The first is the same as unaffixed adjectives; you just put mga before the adjective.
mga + adj + linker + noun (Tag.) = adj nouns (Eng.)
Ex: mga masarap na pagkain
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= delicious foods
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Ex: mga magandang babae
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= beautiful women
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Ex: mga masayang estudyante
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= happy students
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In the second way, instead of adding mga, you just duplicate (annotated as “dup1” in this book) the first syllable of the root when you pronounce the adjective.
adj(dup1) + linker + noun (Tag.) = adj nouns (Eng.)
Note: The adjective is modified by duplicating the first syllable of its root.
Ex: masasarap na pagkain
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= delicious foods
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Ex: magagandang babae
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= beautiful women
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Ex: masasayang estudyante
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= happy students
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And the third way is to do both.
mga + adj(dup1) + linker + noun (Tag.) = adj nouns (Eng.)
Note: The adjective is modified by duplicating the first syllable of its root.
Ex: mga masasarap na pagkain
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= delicious foods
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Ex: mga magagandang babae
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= beautiful women
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Ex: mga masasayang estudyante
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= happy students
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The third is a bit more common, plus it will give you practice in using both mga and dup1, so we will use it from now on.
Marami
Marami is somewhat special when modifying nouns because it makes them plural without using dup1 or mga:
maraming + noun (Tag.) = many nouns (Eng.)
Ex: maraming pagkain
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= many foods; much food
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Ex: maraming babae
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= many women
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Ex: maraming estudyante
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= many students
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Personal Pronouns
Where applicable, ang form personal pronouns can be used anywhere ang form nouns are used. For example:
Ex: Maganda ang babae.
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= The woman is beautiful.
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Ex: Maganda siya.
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= She is beautiful.
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Ex: Sikat at masaya ang mga lalaki.
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= The men are famous and happy.
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Ex: Sikat at masaya sila.
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= They are famous and happy.
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Ex: Tunay na pangulo si Mrs. Cruz.
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= Mrs. Cruz is a real president.
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Ex: Tunay na pangulo ka.
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= You are a real president.
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Sample sentences
Q1
What is that delicious food?
Ano ang masarap na pagkaing yun?
Q2
You(pl) are beautiful women.
Mga magagandang babae kayo.
Q3
We(incl.) are many.
Marami tayo.
Q4
We(excl.) are happy students.
Mga masasayang estudyante kami.
Q5
He is hot.
Mainit siya.
Q6
The delicious drinks are cheap.
Mura ang mga masasarap na inumin.
Q7
You are a beautiful woman.
Magandang babae ka.
Q8
They are many.
Marami sila.
Q9
I am happy.
Masaya ako.
Q10
The white cars are hot.
Mainit ang mga puting sasakyan.
Drills - Lesson 5

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