Vocabulary
kaklase
Show
classmate
Show
mag-asawa
Show
husband and wife
Show
mamimili
Show
customer
Show
tag-inít
Show
summer
Show
tag-ulán
Show
rainy season
Show
*katrabaho
Show
coworker
Show
*magbabarkada
Show
a group of three or more close friends
Show
*magkakasama
Show
a group of three or more companions
Show
*mang-aawit
Show
singer
Show
*manlalarò
Show
athlete
Show
*taglamíg
Show
winter
Show
**kasama
Show
companion
Show
*These words will not be used in sample sentences.
**You have seen this word before.
Grammar
Up to this point you have seen many unaffixed nouns. In addition, we have covered the grammar of taga- and pag- affixed nouns. Some affixes give you a clue or partial meaning of a noun. If you will recall, taga-X means “from X”, and pag-X means “X-ing”. This lesson covers the four common noun affixes that provide clues worth learning.
Ka- Nouns
Ka- nouns are normally people, and ka-X roughly means “X-mate”.
ka + sama (together) = kasama = “together mate” = companion
ka + klase (class) = kaklase = classmate
ka + trabaho (work) = katrabaho = workmate = coworker
Tag- Nouns
Tag-X roughly means “X-season”.
tag + ulan (rain) = tag-ulan = rainy season
tag + init (hot) = tag-init = hot season = summer
tag + lamig (cold) = taglamig = cold season = winter
Mag- Nouns
Mag- nouns are normally people. Mag- is sometimes placed before a ka- noun, and has the same meaning but with the nuance of three or more. Sometimes the first syllable of the root is duplicated, which may also add the nuance of three or more.
mag + asawa (spouse) = mag-asawa = husband and wife
mag + kakasama (companion) = magkakasama = a group of three or more companions
mag + ba + barkada (group of close friends) = magbabarkada = a group of three or more close friends
Note - the pronunciations of some mag- nouns are the same as contemplated aspect mag- verbs, but the stress is different.
Mang- Nouns
Mang- nouns are normally people. The first syllable of the root is duplicated, and just like with mang- verbs, morphing often occurs.
mang + bi + bili (buy) = mamimili = customer
mang + la + laro (play) = manlalaro = athlete
mang + a + awit (song) = mang-aawit = singer
Note - the pronunciations of some mang- nouns, like mamimili, are the same as contemplated aspect mang- verbs, but the stress is different.
Sample sentences
Q1
Did your classmate like learning before?
Mahilig ba ang kaklase mo sa pagkatuto dati?
Q2
That husband and wife have a house in Manila, don't they?
May bahay sa Maynila ang mag-asawang yun, di ba?
Q3
Please put the cat inside during rainy season.
Pakilagay ang pusa sa loob kapag tag-ulan.
Q4
The customer was able to buy lights for her house. (maka-)
Nakabili ang mamimili ng mga ilaw para sa bahay niya.
Q5
Mrs. Castillo will go to the Philippines after summer. (pagkatapos).
Pupunta si Mrs. Castillo sa Pilipinas pagkatapos ng tag-init
Q6
In your opinion, which of the cars here does your classmate like the most?
Sa tingin mo, alin sa mga sasakyan dito ang pinakagusto ng kaklase mo?
Q7
Then, the dog obeyed the husband and wife at their place.
Tapos, sinunod ng aso ang mag-asawa sa kanila.
Q8
When is the rainy season in Seattle? Every day!
Kailan ang tag-ulan sa Seattle? Araw-araw!
Q9
After the customer bought the chocolate, she went home.
Pagkabili ng mamimili ng tsokolate, umuwi siya.
Q10
Do not leave in the afternoon in summer, because it is very hot outside.
Huwag kang umalis sa hapon sa tag-init, kasi sobrang init sa labas.
Drills - Lesson 66