Vocabulary
bawal
Show
prohibited
Show
puwede
Show
can (ability); may (permission)
Show
huwág
Show
do not
Show
*meron
Show
exist or have
Show
*mahilig
Show
like
Show
**maaarì
Show
can
Show
**dapat
Show
must
Show
*Not used in sample sentences of this lesson, but used in other grammar points.
**Not used in any sample sentences.
Grammar
About plain pseudo-verbs: although I listed seven words above, we will not use maaari because it means the same as puwede but is less common. We will not use dapat because it is similar in meaning to ng pseudo-verb kailangan but less common. Meron has already been covered. We used mahilig to like a noun in general. But it is not a pseudo-verb, and it is more common to use ng pseudo-verb gusto to like a verb, so we do not cover mahilig + verb. That leaves us with bawal, puwede and huwag.
Plain Pseudo-verbs with Standard Sentences (SS)
Plain pseudo verb Sentence. = Plain pseudo-verb (+ linker) + SS.
Notes: Verb takes infinitive. The linker goes before the verb. Use the linker if it is -ng type, but omit it if it is na.
To form these, take all the enclitics out of the standard sentence and put them after the pseudo-verb, then change the verb to infinitive.
Ex: Puwede ka bang maglaro?
Show
= Can you play? Notice that the AF actor keeps its ang form. That is why these are called plain pseudo-verbs.
Show
Ex: Puwede bang maglaro si David?
Show
= Can David play? Notice that, unlike ng pseudo-verbs, the non personal pronoun AF actor is not moved.
Show
If you just want to express ability, remember that you do not need to use puwede with verbs that have the nuance of ability, like certain ma- verbs:
Ex: Makukuha ko ang bisikleta.
Show
= I will be able to get the bicycle.
Show
Ex: Puwede kong makuha ang bisikleta.
Show
= I can get the bicycle, but it sounds redundant because makuha already has the meaning to be able to get. Compare with:
Show
Ex: Puwede kong kunin ang bisikleta.
Show
= I can get the bicycle, without sounding redundant.
Show
Ex: Bawal mong hanapin si Maria.
Show
= You are prohibited from looking for Maria.
Show
Ex: Huwag mo siyang igawa ng adobo.
Show
= Do not make her adobo.
Show
Huwag is for Imperative
Although huwag is used in some more advanced constructions, we only use it to negate imperative sentences in this book.
Ex: Huwag kayong magluto ng pagkain ngayon.
Show
= (you pl) Do not cook food now.
Show
Ex: Huwag nating tingnan ang bisikleta.
Show
= Let’s not look at the bicycle.
Show
Ex: Huwag mong ikuha ng mangga si Joe.
Show
= Do not get a mango for Joe.
Show
Huwag behaves like a host for Ito and Yun
Colloquially, in huwag phrases, similar to hindi, demonstrative pronouns ito and yun are normally placed at the end of the enclitic cluster by native speakers.
Ex: Huwag ninyo itong lutuin ngayon.
Show
= (you pl) Do not cook it now.
Show
Ex: Huwag natin yung tingnan.
Show
= Let’s not look at that.
Show
Ex: Huwag mo itong ikuha ng mangga.
Show
= Do not get a mango for it.
Show
Samples of Negated Sentences
Like ng pseudo-verbs, in general plain pseudo-verbs are negated with hindi. But bawal is already a negation of puwede(may), and huwag negates imperative sentences, so they do not take hindi. Hindi puwede will mean “unable” in this book. It can also mean “may not” colloquially, but we will only use bawal for that to be consistent.
Ex: Bawal mo ring hanapin si Maria.
Show
= You are also prohibited from looking for Maria.
Show
Ex: Huwag kang maglaro ng basketball.
Show
= Do not play basketball.
Show
Ex: Hindi puwedeng lumaki ang puno.
Show
= The tree cannot become big.
Show
Review: Comparing Ng and Plain Pseudo-Verbs
Ng and plain pseudo-verb non-AF sentences, and plain pseudo-verb AF sentences, use the same grammar. Ng pseudo-verb AF sentences are different. Unlike the others, in ng pseudo-verb AF sentences:
It is mandatory to change the actor to ng form.
It is preferred to put the actor after the pseudo-verb even when it is not a personal pronoun.
Ng: Ayaw ni Joe pumunta.
Show
= Joe does not want to go.
Show
Plain: Puwede bang pumunta si Joe?
Show
= Can Joe go?
Show
Ng: Kailangan ninyong inumin ang tubig na yun.
Show
= You (pl) need to drink that water.
Show
Plain: Huwag ninyong inumin ang tubig na yun.
Show
= (you pl) Do not drink that water.
Show
Ng: Gusto rin po ni David na magbigay ng sasakyan sa kanila.
Show
= David also wants to give them a car. (resp.)
Show
Plain: Bawal din pong magbigay si David ng sasakyan sa kanila.
Show
= David is also prohibited from giving them a car. (resp.)
Show
Sample sentences
Q1
You are prohibited from making halo-halo next to the chickens, right?
Bawal kang gumawa ng halo-halo sa tabi ng mga manok, no?
Q2
May I eat the chocolate under the table?
Puwede ko bang kainin ang tsokolate sa ilalim ng lamesa?
Q3
Do not (you pl.) leave on the 4th of July.
Huwag kayong umalis sa ikaapat ng Hulyo.
Q4
You are allowed to see her when you are here.
Puwede mo siyang makita kapag nandito ka.
Q5
We (excl.) are unable to go home to Luzon in October for you.
Hindi kami puwedeng umuwi sa Luzon sa Oktubre para sa iyo.
Q6
Do not even (also) say it.
Huwag mo rin itong sabihin.
Q7
Mark is prohibited from winding up in Jessica's room.
Bawal mapunta si Mark sa kuwarto ni Jessica.
Q8
Do not buy me water when you are in the store.
Huwag mo akong ibili ng tubig kapag nasa tindahan ka.
Q9
She is not allowed to sleep outside.
Bawal siyang matulog sa labas.
Q10
Isn't Maria also able to make shoes for Angel? (resp.)
Hindi rin po ba puwedeng igawa ni Maria ng sapatos si Angel?
Drills - Lesson 40