Vocabulary
malaman
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to find out/know something (OF(O), OF(a))
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magustuhán
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to like something (OF(O), OF(a))
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maranasan
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to experience something (OF(O), OF(a))
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mahirapan
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to have difficulty (AF(I))
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mapuntahán
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to be able to go somewhere (DF(D), DF(a))
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Grammar
We will call verbs not in the big six “second tier”. Ma-...-an is among the most frequently used second tier verb. They conjugate the same as ma- verbs, and they are closely related. Ma-...-an verbs are either AF(I), OF or DF. A few are both AF and OF, but we will not cover those for simplicity.
Traits of AF ma-...-an verbs
They are all AF(I), meaning they form sentences without objects.
Their actors are experiencers, and the verbs may express experiencing an emotion or something unintentionally.
Traits of OF ma- verbs
The only variant is OF(O).
These do not form imperatives.
They may have the nuance OF(a), which means “to be able” to do something, they may have the nuance of doing something unintentionally, and they may have neither of these nuances depending on context.
Some are used for sensing something.
Traits of DF ma-...-an verbs
The only variant is DF(D).
These do not form imperatives.
They normally indicate doing something in the direction of something.
They may have the nuance DF(a), which means “to be able” to do something in the direction of something.
Ma-...-an Verb Aspects
Ma-...-an verbs aspects are formed as shown. Notice that they have the same aspect formation and stress pattern rules as ma- verbs.
Ex: malaman
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=> nalaman, nalalaman, malalaman
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Ex: magustuhán
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=> nagustuhán, nagúgustuhán, magúgustuhán
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Ex: maranasan
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=> naranasan, naráranasan, maráranasan
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Ex: Nalaman nila kung sino siya.
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= They found out who she is.
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Ex: Baka mararanasan mo ang mahirap na tanong.
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= Maybe you will experience the difficult question.
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Gusto vs Magustuhan
As mentioned in an earlier lesson, there are some verbs that can be used instead of pseudo verbs:
Ex: Nagugustuhan ni Joe si Maria. = Joe likes Maria.
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= Joe likes Maria.
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Ex: Gusto ni Joe si Maria.
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= Joe likes Maria.
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Although the above sentence is simpler with the pseudo verb, the following aspects cannot be expressed with gusto:
Ex: Nagustuhan ni Joe si Maria.
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= Joe liked Maria.
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Ex: Magugustuhan ni Joe si Maria.
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= Joe will like Maria.
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To be consistent, we will not use magustuhan in uncompleted aspect from now on.
Have you ever been to…?
It is pretty common to ask “have you ever been to” someplace. When you want the focus to be on the place, you can use mapuntahan. The enclitic particles are not very intuitive here, so it is better just to memorize the basic structure.
Q: Napuntahan mo na ba ang Cebu?
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= Have you ever been to Cebu?
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A: Hindi ko pa napupuntahan ang Cebu.
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= I have not ever been to Cebu.
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Sample sentences
Q1
Joe said he found out who the teacher was around two o'clock.
Sabi ni Joe, nalaman niya kung sino ang guro nung mga alas-dos.
Q2
Maybe Diego liked Analyn.
Baka nagustuhan ni Diego si Analyn.
Q3
Do you know what Jessica is experiencing now? (resp.)
Alam po ba ninyo kung ano ang nararanasan ni Jessica ngayon?
Q4
It will really be hard for them to put a cat in the restroom.
Talagang mahihirapan silang maglagay ng pusa sa CR.
Q5
Have they ever been to the Philippines in September?
Napuntahan na ba nila ang Pilipinas nung Setyembre?
Q6
We (excl.) found out about the fifth of April.
Nalaman namin ang tungkol sa ikalima ng Abril.
Q7
On the other hand, I think you will like Cebu.
Sa tingin ko naman, magugustuhan mo ang Cebu.
Q8
Mark does not want to experience it due to money, right?
Ayaw ni Mark na maranasan ito dahil sa pera, no?
Q9
Did you find it difficult to drive in the rain?
Nahirapan ka bang magmaneho sa ulan?
Q10
They will not be able to go to Luzon at night for you.
Hindi nila mapupuntahan ang Luzon sa gabi para sa iyo.
Drills - Lesson 44