Vocabulary
*umíkot-ikot
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to spin round and round
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*maglakád-lakád
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to walk around someplace; walk periodically
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*balik-balikán
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to keep going back to someplace
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*mag-away-away
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to argue between more than two people
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*mag-usap-usap
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to discuss between more than two people
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**liblíb
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remote (adj)
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**pakpák
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wing (noun)
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**bitbít
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something carried by hand (noun); dangling from the hand (adj)
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*These words will be used in this lesson only.
**These words are for reference only.
Grammar
Sometimes the duplication of roots or syllables occurs in Tagalog. In this lesson we will review duplications that you have already seen, and introduce new ones. The new ones are not very high frequency, so they will be limited to this lesson.
Duplication of Roots
Duplicating roots usually increases intensity or indicates frequency/duration.
You have already seen these root duplications:
Nouns – roots are usually connected by a dash, which is sometimes dropped.
Ex: Ginawa mo ba ang halo?
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= Did you make the mixture?
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Ex: Ginawa mo ba ang halo-halo?
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= Did you make the halo-halo?
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Adverbs – roots are usually connected by a dash, which is sometimes dropped.
Ex: Nagluto ako nang tatlong araw.
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= I cooked for three days.
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Ex: Nagluluto ako araw-araw.
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= I cook every day.
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Pseudo Verbs – roots are connected by the linker. If the linker ends in g, a dash is used.
Ex: Gusto kong pumunta sa Pilipinas.
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= I want to go to the Philippines.
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Ex: Gustong-gusto kong pumunta sa Pilipinas.
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= I very much want to go to the Philippines.
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Adjectives – roots are connected by the linker. If the linker ends in g, a dash is used.
Ex: Pagod ang lalaki.
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= The man is tired.
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Ex: Pagod na pagod ang lalaki.
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= The man is very tired.
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Verb root duplications:
Verbs – roots are connected by a dash.
Ex: umikot-ikot to spin round and round
Ex: maglakad-lakad to walk periodically
Ex: balik-balikan to keep going back to someplace
In some verbs, root duplication can indicate a relationship between more than two objects.
Ex: mag-away-away to argue between more than two people
Ex: mag-usap-usap to discuss between more than two people
Ex: Maglalakad-lakad ako sa kalsada.
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= I will periodically walk in the street.
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Ex: Binabalik-balikan ni Jessica ang Cebu.
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= Jessica keeps going back to Cebu.
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Ex: Nag-usap-usap ang limang lalaki.
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= The five men talked amongst each other.
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Duplication of Syllables
You have already seen these syllable duplications:
Plural ma- adjectives – the first syllable of the root is duplicated.
Ex: magandang babae
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= beautiful woman
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Ex: mga magagandang babae
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= beautiful women
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Some verb aspect formations – a syllable of the root or affix may be duplicated.
Ex: mag-aral (infinitive)
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=> nag-aaral (uncompleted aspect)
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Ex: makagawa (infinitive)
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=> makakagawa (contemplated aspect)
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Other verb syllable duplications:
With certain mag- and pag-...-an verbs, and a few less common verb types not in this book, it is possible to create an intense (!) verb by duplicating the first syllable of the root.
Ex: magluto to cook
Ex: magluluto to cook repeatedly or intensively
These duplications may sound the same as uncompleted or contemplated aspects, in which case you will need context to distinguish them.
Ex: Nagluluto ang bata ng adobo. = The kid is cooking adobo. (uncompleted aspect)
Ex: Nagluluto ang bata ng adobo. = The kid repeatedly cooked adobo. (intensive duplication)
These are pretty rare, so they are not included in the sample sentences.
Noun syllable duplications:
You will see some of these in a future lesson.
Syllable duplications not associated with roots or affixes:
There are quite a few words with duplicated syllables that have nothing to do with roots or affixes:
liblib = remote (adj)
pakpak = wing (noun)
bitbit = something carried by hand (noun); dangling from the hand (adj)
etc.
These words are sometimes used as roots too. We will not put these in any sample sentences.
Sample sentences
Q1
After Joshua played, the basketball spun round and round. (pagkatapos)
Pagkatapos maglaro si Joshua, umikot-ikot ang basketbol.
Q2
I had Angel go, because she likes to walk periodically.
Papupuntahin ko si Angel, kasi gusto niyang maglakad-lakad.
Q3
Where do you and your wife often return?
Saan ang binabalik-balikan ninyo ng asawa mo?
Q4
Have our kids go to sleep, or they will argue. (three or more)
Patulugin mo ang mga bata natin, o mag-aaway-away sila.
Q5
After they cooked, they discussed the food. (pagka-)(three or more)
Pagkaluto nila, nag-usap-usap sila tungkol sa pagkain.
Q6
How is the new cat? She is circling round and round the table!
Kumusta ang bagong pusa? Umiikot-ikot siya sa lamesa!
Q7
I walk periodically, then eat halo-halo.
Naglalakad-lakad ako, tapos kumakain ako ng halo-halo.
Q8
Do you know how David keeps going back to the Philippines?
Alam mo ba kung paano binabalik-balikan ni David ang Pilipinas?
Q9
Please give them the drinks if they argue. (three or more)
Pakibigay ang mga inumin sa kanila kung mag-aaway-away sila.
Q10
The teachers were discussing teaching before. (three or more).
Nag-usap-usap ang mga guro tungkol sa pagtuturo dati
Drills - Lesson 64