Vocabulary
kaibigan
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friend
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karamihan
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majority; most
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liwasan
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park
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paraán
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method
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tanawin
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scenery
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*aralín
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lesson
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*hangarin
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desire
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*kabataan
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youth
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*laruán
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toy
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*palabás
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show
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*usapan
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discussion
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**pangalan
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name
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*These words will not be used in sample sentences.
**You have seen this word before.
Grammar
The noun affixes that you learned in the previous lesson provide a clear clue as to the nuance or meaning of a noun. In this lesson we will cover the most common noun affixes which do not provide a clue, or which have so many possible clues that it is probably not worth trying to remember them.
You may be wondering why there is a lesson on these, since we are just treating them like vocabulary items with no special grammar. I want you to be aware that roots with these affixes are often nouns. If you know this fact, it may improve your ability to recognize them. For example, when I found out ka-...-an was a noun affix, it made nouns like kabataan much easier to recognize and recall. It is just bata (kid) with a ka-...-an affix.
You have probably noticed by now that some noun affixes are the same as verb affixes. In earlier lessons, we learned that verbs can often be used as nouns. Having the same affixes is yet another example of the overlap between verbs and nouns in Tagalog.
Ka-...-an Nouns
ka + ibig (love) + an = kaibigan = friend
ka + dami (many) + han = karamihan = majority; most
ka + bata (kid) + an = kabataan = youth
-An Nouns
*liwas (plaza) + an = liwasan = park
laro (play) + an = laruan = toy
usap (discuss) + an = usapan = discussion
* Liwas is archaic but liwasan is not.
Pa- Nouns
pa + ngalan (name) = pangalan = name
pa + daan (means) = paraan = method
*pa + labas (outside) = palabas = show
*Notice that sometimes there is no obvious connection between the meanings of the root and the word.
-In Nouns
tanaw (scene) + in = tanawin = scenery
aral (study) + in = aralin = lesson
hangad (purpose) + in = hangarin = desire
Sample sentences
Q1
My friend and classmate tried to eat lechon.
Sinubukang kainin ng kaibigan at kaklase ko ang lechon.
Q2
Mark plays basketball in the park in the summer.
Naglalaro si Mark ng basketbol sa liwasan sa tag-init.
Q3
Please state your fastest method for learning.
Pakisabi ang pinakamabilis mong paraan ng pag-aaral.
Q4
Most of the cars here are fast and white.
Mabilis at puti ang karamihan sa mga sasakyan dito.
Q5
It is rainy season now, so there is no scenery.
Tag-ulan ngayon, kaya walang tanawin.
Q6
The customer is the child of Luis's wife's friend.
Ang anak ng kaibigan ng asawa ni Luis ang mamimili.
Q7
What park is that husband and wife going to?
Ano ang liwasang pinupuntahan ng mag-asawang yun?
Q8
Mrs. Cruz will teach me her method to become president.
Ituturo ni Mrs. Cruz sa akin ang paraan niya para maging pangulo.
Q9
Where are most of the students now? (resp.)
Nasaan po ang karamihan sa estudyante ngayon?
Q10
Who climbed a tree to see the scenery at around 10pm?
Sino ang umakyat ng puno para makita ang tanawin nang mga alas-diyes ng gabi?
Drills - Lesson 67